化工学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (8): 3891-3906.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20210020

• 综述与专论 • 上一篇    下一篇

高稳定碱性离子膜分子设计研究进展

徐子昂(),万磊,刘凯,王保国()   

  1. 清华大学化学工程系,北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-08 修回日期:2021-03-13 出版日期:2021-08-05 发布日期:2021-08-05
  • 通讯作者: 王保国
  • 作者简介:徐子昂(1996—),男,博士研究生,xza19@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFB1505602);国家自然科学基金项目(21776154)

Recent progress of molecular design for highly stable alkaline anion exchange membranes

Zi'ang XU(),Lei WAN,Kai LIU,Baoguo WANG()   

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2021-01-08 Revised:2021-03-13 Online:2021-08-05 Published:2021-08-05
  • Contact: Baoguo WANG

摘要:

以阴离子交换膜(碱性离子膜)为基础的能量转化与储能过程十分重要,包括碱性膜燃料电池、碱性膜电解水制氢等,该类电膜过程对未来能源结构会产生深远影响。现有阴离子交换膜存在耐碱性差、性能衰减显著的问题,严重制约高效能源储存及转化技术发展。为了获得高稳定的碱性离子膜,近年来,围绕耐碱高分子材料的分子设计开展大量工作。本综述从碱性膜材料的高分子骨架和阳离子基团两个角度出发,针对膜材料耐碱性,重点阐述聚烯烃和聚芳基的主链结构,以及非金属中心、金属中心,两类阳离子的分子结构设计策略,展望高稳定碱性膜的结构设计规律及主要挑战,为设计与合成高性能碱性离子膜,满足清洁能源转化与储能膜过程提供新思路。

关键词: 碱性离子膜, 耐碱稳定性, 高分子骨架, 阳离子基团, 燃料电池, 电解水

Abstract:

Energy conversion and energy storage processes based on anion exchange membranes (alkaline ion membranes) are very important, including alkaline membrane fuel cells, alkaline membrane electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, etc. This type of electrical membrane process will have a profound impact on the future energy structure influences. Existing anion exchange membranes often suffered from problems of poor alkali resistance and short life span, which severely restrict the development of efficient energy storage and conversion technologies. Recently, researchers have carried out a lot of novel molecular design for alkaline membrane materials of highly chemical stability. This review is based on the two perspectives of alkaline anion exchange membranes and the polymer backbone and cationic groups, focusing on the molecular design strategies including polyolefin and poly-aryl backbone structure, as well as non-metal or metal cationic groups. Moreover, regular methods and current deficiencies of high-stability alkaline anion exchange membranes structural design is summarized, and new ideas for synthesis of next generation high-performance materials for energy conversion processes is also proposed.

Key words: alkaline anion exchange membrane, alkali resistance, polymer backbone, cationic group, fuel cell, water electrolysis

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