水溶性偶氮引发剂AIBA引发AN-MA-IA水相沉淀共聚合的研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201061

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以含有亲水基团的偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐（AIBA）为引发剂，以丙烯腈（AN）、丙烯酸甲酯（MA）和衣康酸（IA）为单体，β-巯基乙醇（β-ME）为分子量调节剂，采用水相沉淀聚合法制备了不同分子量的AN-MA-IA共聚物，研究了AIBA浓度、单体浓度和β-ME浓度对聚合过程的影响。根据AIBA分解半衰期和单体竞聚规律确定了聚合温度70℃和pH=4.7为较优反应条件。结果表明，AIBA浓度是影响聚合转化率的决定因素，通过调整AIBA浓度可以得到分子量60000~500000的PAN共聚物，较高的AIBA浓度会由于聚合场所的改变而造成分子量分散度小幅上升；浓度在0.2%（质量）以内时，分子量调节剂β-ME可以调控PAN共聚物的分子量，并使其分布变窄。

关键词: 聚丙烯腈共聚物, 偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐, 水相沉淀, 自由基聚合, 分子量调控, 制备

Abstract:

PAN copolymers with different molecular weights were prepared by aqueous precipitation polymerization using hydrophilic groups containing 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AIBA) as an initiator, acrylonitrile (AN), methyl acrylate (MA) and itaconic acid (IA) as monomers, and β- Mercaptoethanol (β-ME) as chain transfer agent. The effects of monomer concentration, AIBA concentration and β-ME concentration on the polymerization reaction were studied. According to the decomposition half-life of AIBA and the law of monomer reactivity, the polymerization temperature of 70℃ and pH=4.7 were determined as the optimal reaction conditions. The experimental results showed that the AIBA concentration is key factor for monomer conversion. PAN copolymers with molecular weight of 60000 to 500000 can be obtained by adjusting the AIBA concentration, and higher AIBA concentration results in boarder molecular weight distribution due to the change of the polymerization site. When the concentration is within 0.2%(mass), the molecular weight regulator β-ME can control the molecular weight of PAN copolymer and narrow its distribution.

Key words: polyacrylonitrile copolymer, 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, aqueous precipitation, radical polymerization, molecular weight regulation, preparation

中图分类号:

TQ 316.3

秦统, 奚桢浩, 赵玲, 袁渭康. 水溶性偶氮引发剂AIBA引发AN-MA-IA水相沉淀共聚合的研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(2): 1149-1155.

QIN Tong, XI Zhenhao, ZHAO Ling, YUAN Weikang. Study on aqueous precipitation copolymerization of AN-MA-IA initiated by water-soluble azo initiator AIBA[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(2): 1149-1155.

图/表 7

图1 PAN标准样和PAN共聚物的FTIR谱图a—PAN standard; b—PAN copolymer

Fig.1 FTIR spectra of PAN standard and PAN copolymer

图2 PAN标准样和PAN共聚物的1H NMR谱图a—PAN standard; b—PAN copolymer

Fig.2 1H NMR spectra of PAN standard and PAN copolymer

图3 偶氮引发剂AIBA在不同反应温度下分解过程(虚线和转化率曲线的交点代表该温度下引发剂分解转化率达到50%时所需的时间，即半衰期)

Fig.3 Decomposition process of azo initiator AIBA at different reaction temperatures

表1 不同pH条件下PAN共聚物的组成

Table 1 Composition of PAN copolymer under different pH conditions

pH	单体浓度/ %(质量)	单体转化率/%	最终共聚物组成/%(质量)
pH	单体浓度/ %(质量)	单体转化率/%	AN	MA	IA
2.5	8	66.0	93.39	3.18	3.43
4.7	8	62.0	95.07	3.11	1.82
2.5	15	76.6	94.33	2.94	2.73
4.7	15	69.7	94.96	3.36	1.68

图4 单体浓度对转化率、分子量及分布的影响(pH=4.7,AN∶MA∶IA=95∶3.2∶1.8, I/M=1%(质量))

Fig.4 Effect of monomer concentration on conversion, molecular weight and its distribution

图5 AIBA浓度对转化率、分子量及分布的影响[pH=4.7, AN∶MA∶IA=95∶3.2∶1.8, M=15%(质量)]

Fig.5 Effect of AIBA concentration on conversion, molecular weight and its distribution

图6 β-ME浓度对转化率、分子量及分布的影响[pH=4.7, AN∶MA∶IA=95∶3.2∶1.8, M=15%(质量), I/M=1%(质量)]

Fig.6 Effect of β-ME concentration on conversion, molecular weight and its distribution

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