离子液体-微波辅助从黄连提取小檗碱的实验与分子模拟

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191365

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从黄连中高效提取小檗碱等生物活性物质对于中药资源有效利用具有重要意义。然而，黄连中异喹啉类生物碱具有较为相近的化学结构和理化性质，导致高效提取难度增大。离子液体作为优异的反应介质在天然活性物质提取中显示出良好的前景。同时，微波作为新型辅助手段有利于天然植物中药物活性组分的提取和分析研究。以黄连为研究对象，采用离子液体-微波辅助联合方法，提取药用植物中的有效成分小檗碱，实现过程强化与高效提取。研究以离子液体-水溶液为溶剂的微波辅助法，重点考察提取过程中离子液体种类以及固液比、溶液pH、微波时间、微波加热温度、微波功率等工艺条件对提取收率的影响。此外，基于现代密度泛函理论的分子模拟计算，研究微波外场和不同离子液体在小檗碱提取过程中的作用，从分子尺度上揭示离子液体与小檗碱相互作用的物理本质。

关键词: 离子液体, 浸取, 药物, 微波, 小檗碱

Abstract:

The efficient extraction of berberine and other biologically active substances from Coptis chinensis is of great significance for the effective utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources. However, the isoquinoline alkaloids in Coptis chinensis have relatively similar chemical structures and physicochemical properties, resulting in increased difficulty in efficient extraction. Ionic liquids as excellent reaction media exhibit good prospects in the extraction of natural active substances. At the same time, microwave as a new type of auxiliary method is beneficial to the extraction and analysis of pharmaceutical active components in natural plants. In this study, berberine, an effective component in medicinal plants, was extracted by ionic liquid and microwave co-assisted method to achieve the strengthened processes and high-efficient extraction. The effects of ionic liquid species, solid-liquid ratio, solution pH, microwave heating time, microwave temperature and microwave power on extraction yield were investigated in details. In addition, by using the molecular simulation calculations based on modern density functional theory, the effects of microwave and different ionic liquids on the extraction of berberine were studied. The physical nature of the interaction between ionic liquids and berberine was revealed at the molecular scale.

Key words: ionic liquids, leaching, pharmaceuticals, microwave, berberine

中图分类号:

TQ 530

吴玉花,丁欣,李小露,高红凤,冯炜,白红存,郭庆杰. 离子液体-微波辅助从黄连提取小檗碱的实验与分子模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(7): 3123-3131.

Yuhua WU,Xin DING,Xiaolu LI,Hongfeng GAO,Wei FENG,Hongcun BAI,Qingjie GUO. Extraction of berberine from Coptis chinensis assisted by ionic liquids and microwave: experiments and molecular modeling[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(7): 3123-3131.

图/表 10

图1 不同离子液体条件下提取收率

Fig.1 Extraction yield by different ionic liquids

图2 咪唑类离子液体的阳离子分子结构

Fig.2 Molecular structures for imidazole cation of ionic liquids

表1 不同工艺条件下黄连中小檗碱提取收率

Table 1 Extraction yield of berberine hydrochloride under different conditions

Condition	Yield/(mg/g)
[OMIM]Ac-water and microwave heating	58.9
water and microwave heating	49.4
water and conventional heating	40.5
ethanol and microwave heating	11.7
ethanol and conventional heating	33.6

图3 不同固液比的提取收率

Fig.3 Extraction yield by different solid-liquid ratio

图4 不同溶液pH的提取收率

Fig.4 Extraction yield by different pH of solution

图5 不同微波加热时间的提取收率

Fig.5 Extraction yield by different microwave heating time

图6 不同微波温度的提取收率

Fig.6 Extraction yield by different microwave temperature

图7 不同微波功率的提取收率

Fig.7 Extraction yield by different microwave power

图8 小檗碱与离子液体相互作用的约化密度梯度分析

Fig.8 RDG analysis of berberine interacted with ionic liquids

表2 小檗碱与离子液体分子间相互作用的结合能

Table 2 Binding energy of the berberine interacted with ionic liquids

Ionic liquid	E_b without microwave/ (kJ/mol)	E_b with microwave/ (kJ/mol)
[EMIM]Ac	-112	-766
[BMIM]Ac	-122	-689
[HMIM]Ac	-90	-700
[OMIM]Ac	-121	-806
[DMIM]Ac	-147	-706

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