平板障碍物通道形状对油气爆炸传播特性影响

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191320

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究平板障碍物通道形状对油气爆炸特性的影响，进行了1.3%（低）、1.7%（中）、2.1%（高）三种初始油气浓度工况下对比实验。研究表明：障碍物通道形状对油气爆炸超压随时间变化规律的影响较小；障碍物通道形状对最大爆炸超压峰值、最大升压速率、平均升压速率的影响程度分别按照通道形状为“梯形—圆形—三角形—正方形—矩形”、“梯形—圆形—三角形—正方形—矩形”、“梯形—圆形—正方形—三角形—矩形”的顺序递增；障碍物通道形状对障碍物上游火焰形态基本没影响，但矩形通道障碍物对障碍物下游火焰的湍流特性影响最显著，其次为正方形、梯形、三角形和圆形；初始油气浓度接近当量比时（约为1.7%），障碍物通道形状对最大火焰传播距离和平均火焰传播速度的影响要小于低浓度(1.3%)和高浓度(2.1%)工况，且圆形通道平板障碍物的影响程度最小，矩形和正方形通道的影响程度相对较大。

关键词: 障碍物通道形状, 油气爆炸, 爆炸超压, 升压速率, 火焰传播

Abstract:

To study the influence of the shape of flat obstacle channel on the characteristics of gasoline-air explosion, a comparison experiment was performed under three initial gasoline vapor concentration conditions of 1.3% (low), 1.7% (medium), and 2.1% (high). The results show that: the shape of obstacle channel has little effect on the evolution of overpressure time series curve of gasoline-air explosion. The effect of obstacle channel shape on the peak value of maximum overpressure, the maximum rate of pressure rise and the average rate of pressure rise is increased in the order of“trapezium—circular—triangle—square—rectangle”,“trapezium—circular—triangle—square—rectangle”and“trapezium—circular—square—triangle—rectangle”, respectively. The shape of the obstacle channel has little effect on the upstream flame shape of the obstacle, but the rectangular channel has the most significant effect on the turbulence characteristics of the downstream flame of the obstacle, followed by the square, trapezoid, triangle and circle, respectively. The effect degree of obstacle channel shape on the maximum flame propagation distance and average flame propagation velocity under the initial gasoline vapor concentration of 1.7%, which is close to the equivalence ratio, is smaller than that of low concentration (1.3%) and high concentration condition (2.1%), and the influence degree of circular channel plate obstacle is the smallest, while that of rectangular and square channel is relatively larger.

Key words: flat obstacle channel shape, gasoline-air explosion, explosion overpressure, overpressure rise rate, flame propagation

中图分类号:

X 932

李国庆, 杜扬, 白洁, 武军, 李孟源, 吴晓澍, 朱亮. 平板障碍物通道形状对油气爆炸传播特性影响[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(4): 1912-1921.

Guoqing LI, Yang DU, Jie BAI, Jun WU, Mengyuan LI, Xiaoshu WU, Liang ZHU. Effects of flat obstacle channel shapes on characteristics of gasoline-air explosion[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(4): 1912-1921.

图/表 14

图1 实验系统示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of experimental setup

图2 主实验台架图（俯视图）

Fig.2 Diagram of main experimental platform(vertical view)

图3 五种不同通道形状平板障碍物（厚度：3 mm）

Fig.3 Five kinds of flat obstacles with different channel shapes(thickness: 3 mm)

表1 障碍物通道尺寸

Table 1 Size of obstacle channel

Obstacle channel shape	Size of obstacle channel/mm	Area of obstacle channel/mm²
triangle	b=80	2771
trapezium	a₃=90,a₄=39,h=44	2838
circular	r=30	2827
rectangle	a₁=80,a₂=35.3	2824
square	a=53	2809

图4 五种通道形状障碍物工况下超压随时间变化规律

Fig.4 Overpressure vs time under five kinds of flat obstacles with different channel shapes

图5 五种通道形状障碍物对最大爆炸超压峰值的影响

Fig.5 Effects of five kinds of flat obstacles with different channel shapes on the overpressure peaks

图6 五种通道形状障碍物对形成最大爆炸峰值时间的影响

Fig.6 Effects of five kinds of flat obstacles with different channel shapes on time to reach maximum overpressure peaks

表2 三种初始油气浓度工况下不同通道形状障碍物对油气爆炸最大超压峰值的贡献率

Table 2 Contribution rate of obstacles with different channel shapes to maximum overpressure peak value of gasoline-air explosion under three initial gasoline vapor concentration conditions

Shape	Φ			Φ_ave
Shape	φ=1.3%	φ=1.7%	φ=2.1%	Φ_ave
triangle	-18.70%	8.90%	6.60%	-1.00%
trapezium	-15.20%	-25.50%	-22.50%	-21.10%
circular	-6.60%	-24.70%	5.70%	-8.50%
rectangle	36.50%	28.20%	17.60%	27.40%
square	4.00%	13.10%	-7.40%	3.20%

图7 五种通道形状障碍物工况下升压速率随时间变化规律

Fig.7 Overpressure rise rate vs time under five kinds of flat obstacles with different channel shapes

表3 各工况最大升压速率和平均升压速率

Table 3 Maximum overpressure rise rate and average overpressure rise rate of gasoline-air explosions under various conditions

φ/%	(dp/dt)_max/(MPa/s)					(dp/dt)_ave/(MPa/s)
φ/%	Triangle	Trapezium	Circular	Rectangle	Square	Triangle	Trapezium	Circular	Rectangle	Square
1.3	16.5	19.3	24.9	40.7	27.1	1	1.1	1.2	1.7	1.3
1.7	92.4	56.7	76.5	119.3	95.8	4.7	3.1	3.2	5.5	5
2.1	64.7	37.4	56.1	72.5	53.9	2.7	1.6	2.4	2.7	1.8

表4 各工况油气爆炸最大升压速率和平均升压速率的贡献率

Table 4 Contribution rates of maximum overpressure rise rate and average overpressure rise rate of gasoline-air explosions under various conditions

φ	(dp/dt)_max					(dp/dt)_ave
φ	Triangle	Trapezium	Circular	Rectangle	Square	Triangle	Trapezium	Circular	Rectangle	Square
1.3%	-35.8%	-24.9%	-3.1%	58.4%	5.4%	-20.6%	-12.7%	-4.8%	34.9%	3.2%
1.7%	4.9%	-35.6%	-13.2%	35.4%	8.7%	9.3%	-27.9%	-25.6%	27.9%	16.3%
2.1%	13.7%	-34.3%	-1.4%	27.4%	-5.3%	22.7%	-27.3%	9.1%	22.7%	-18.2%
$Θ a v e$	-5.7%	-31.6%	-5.9%	40.4%	2.9%	3.8%	-22.6%	-7.1%	28.5%	0.4%

表4 各工况油气爆炸最大升压速率和平均升压速率的贡献率

Table 4 Contribution rates of maximum overpressure rise rate and average overpressure rise rate of gasoline-air explosions under various conditions

φ	(dp/dt)_max					(dp/dt)_ave
φ	Triangle	Trapezium	Circular	Rectangle	Square	Triangle	Trapezium	Circular	Rectangle	Square
1.3%	-35.8%	-24.9%	-3.1%	58.4%	5.4%	-20.6%	-12.7%	-4.8%	34.9%	3.2%
1.7%	4.9%	-35.6%	-13.2%	35.4%	8.7%	9.3%	-27.9%	-25.6%	27.9%	16.3%
2.1%	13.7%	-34.3%	-1.4%	27.4%	-5.3%	22.7%	-27.3%	9.1%	22.7%	-18.2%
$Θ a v e$	-5.7%	-31.6%	-5.9%	40.4%	2.9%	3.8%	-22.6%	-7.1%	28.5%	0.4%

图8 初始油气浓度1.7%时各工况火焰传播形态

Fig.8 Flame propagation structures under various operating conditions with initial gasoline vapor concentration of 1.7%

图9 低、中、高三种初始油气浓度下各工况火焰最大传播距离图像

Fig.9 Images of maximum flame propagation distance under three initial gasoline vapor concentrations

表5 各工况火焰最大传播距离和平均火焰传播速度

Table 5 Maximum flame propagation distance and average flame propagation velocity under different conditions

φ/%	(L_f)_max/m					(S_f)_ave/(m/s)
φ/%	Triangle	Trapezium	Circular	Rectangle	Square	Triangle	Trapezium	Circular	Rectangle	Square
1.3	1.35	1.29	1.28	1.40	1.41	26.47	28.04	26.12	29.79	28.78
1.7	1.58	1.54	1.48	1.55	1.53	43.89	43.06	42.29	44.29	43.71
2.1	1.47	1.45	1.42	1.53	1.51	29.80	26.36	26.79	29.42	26.03

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