化工学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 71 ›› Issue (S1): 236-244.doi: 10.11949/0438-1157.20191210

• 流体力学与传递现象 • 上一篇    下一篇

蒸发冷却冷水机组的原理、性能与适用性分析

常健佩(),黄翔(),安苗苗,李朝阳   

  1. 西安工程大学城市规划与市政工程学院，陕西 西安 710048
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-23 修回日期:2019-12-10 出版日期:2020-04-25 发布日期:2020-05-22
  • 通讯作者: 黄翔 E-mail:243090529@qq.com;huangx@xpu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:常健佩（1992—），男，硕士研究生，243090529@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    “十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0700404)

Analysis of principle, performance and applicability of indirect evaporative water chiller

Jianpei CHANG(),Xiang HUANG(),Miaomiao AN,Zhaoyang LI   

  1. College of Urban Planning and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2019-10-23 Revised:2019-12-10 Online:2020-04-25 Published:2020-05-22
  • Contact: Xiang HUANG E-mail:243090529@qq.com;huangx@xpu.edu.cn

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摘要：

总结了蒸发冷却冷水机组结构类型和工作原理，理论和实测验证了间接蒸发冷却的湿通道侧发生的并非绝热等焓直接蒸发冷却。根据对间接预冷式蒸发冷却冷水机组的性能测试分析，间接蒸发冷却器的湿球效率在41%～92%之间，立管、板管、露点间接蒸发冷却器比卧管间接蒸发冷却器效率高，间接预冷式蒸发冷却冷水机组制备冷水可达到亚湿球温度，制备冷水温度受间接蒸发冷却器效率、填料塔内气水比、外热源影响。以间接预冷式蒸发冷却冷水机组、机械制冷冷水机组、乙二醇自然冷却为冷源的数据中心空调系统，水侧蒸发冷却与乙二醇自然冷却应用在乌鲁木齐市、北京市、上海市的时间分别为8736、6261、4708 h，相比机械制冷的全年节电率分别为62%、53%、46%。

关键词: 蒸发, 传热, 传质, 焓, 间接蒸发冷却器, 数据中心运行时间, 节电率

Abstract:

The structure types and working principle of evaporative water chillers are summarized. Analysis of cold water production by evaporative cooling through the psychrometric charts, theoretical and experimental results verify that the indirect evaporative cooling on the wet channel side is not adiabatic direct evaporative cooling. According to the performance test analysis of the indirect pre-cooling evaporative water chillers, the wet bulb efficiency of several types of to indirect evaporative coolers are between 41% and 92%. Vertical tube, plate tube and dew point indirect evaporative coolers are more efficient than horizontal tube indirect evaporative coolers, indirect pre-cooling evaporative water chillers can produce cold water to reach sub-wet bulb temperature. In addition to the influence of the efficiency of the indirect evaporative cooler, the production of water temperature is also affected by the gas-water ratio in the padding tower and the external heat source in the padding tower. Data center air conditioning system with indirect pre-cooling evaporative water chillers, mechanical refrigeration chillers, ethylene glycol natural cooling as cold source. The time of evaporative water cooling and the natural cooling of ethylene glycol in Urumqi, Beijing, and Shanghai are 8736, 6261, and 4708 h, respectively. Compared with mechanical refrigeration, the annual energy saving rate is 62%, 53%, and 46%, respectively.

Key words: evaporation, heat transfer, mass transfer, enthalpy, indirect evaporative cooler, data center operating time, power saving rate

中图分类号: 

  • TK 172

图1

蒸发冷却制取冷水焓湿图"

图2

表冷+卧管间接预冷式蒸发冷却冷水机组性能测试"

图3

立管间接预冷式蒸发冷却冷水机组性能测试"

图4

板管间接预冷式蒸发冷却冷水机组性能测试"

图5

露点间接预冷式蒸发冷却冷水机组性能测试"

图6

立管间接预冷封闭式蒸发冷却冷水机组性能测试"

图7

数据中心用自然冷型蒸发冷却复合机械制冷的空调系统1—表冷段；2—间接蒸发冷却段；3—填料塔"

表1

数据中心设计规范"

项目技术要求备注
冷通道或机柜进风区域的温度18~27℃不得结露
冷通道或机柜进风区域的相对湿度和露点温度露点温度宜为5.5~15℃，相对湿度不宜大于60%
主机房环境温度和相对湿度（停机时）5~45℃，8%~80%，同时露点温度不宜大于27℃
冷冻水供水温度7~21℃
冷冻水回水温度12~27℃

表2

数据中心用自然冷型蒸发冷却复合机械制冷的空调系统运行模式"

环境工况运行模式启动机组
tg≤3℃乙二醇自然冷却机房专用高温冷水空调机组
tg＞3℃,tG≤16℃水侧蒸发冷却①蒸发冷却冷水机组+机房专用高温冷水空调机组
tg＞3℃,21℃≥tG＞16℃蒸发冷却冷水机组+辅助冷源蒸发冷却冷水机组+新风机组/机械制冷冷水机组
tG＞21℃机械制冷冷源机械制冷-蒸发冷却冷水机组

图8

新型空调系统在典型城市数据中心全年运行时间"

表3

国内典型城市数据中心全年8760 h运行节能性分析"

地点机械制冷空调系统用电/kW新型空调系统用电/kW节电/kW节电率/%
乌鲁木齐41084401549665255877562
北京41084401925860218258053
上海41084402220043188839746
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