双金属催化滤料生物滤池处理效果及对膜污染影响研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190390

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

双金属催化滤料生物滤池替代传统生物滤池，作为超滤膜系统的预处理工艺，可提高三氮的去除效率，保证产水水质稳定，显著减缓超滤膜污染，延长膜使用寿命。生物催化滤池内催化还原反应促进反硝化系统的进行，保证了水中硝酸氮和亚硝酸氮的分解去除；研究表明，生物催化滤池预处理较常规生物滤池可将TOC的去除率由73.2%提高到81.5%，其增加部分的主要成分为可引起膜污染的芳香蛋白类和富里酸类有机污染物。此外，双金属催化滤料增加了滤池的过滤精度，其出水胶体平均粒径明显小于常规生物滤池。催化还原反应产生的铁离子在过滤紊流的环境中微絮凝，进一步去除了微污染水源水中的胶体和悬浮物，减轻了胶体颗粒对超滤膜的污染。除具有常规滤池的生物降解、过滤作用外，双金属催化滤料生物滤池还具有催化还原和微絮凝的协同作用，显著提高了水中有机污染物和胶体颗粒的去除率，超滤膜污染得到有效减缓。

关键词: 生物催化滤池, 改性滤料, 超滤, 膜污染减缓, 催化还原

Abstract:

As a pretreatment process of the ultrafiltration membrane system, the bimetal catalyst biological filter replaces the traditional biological filter, can improve the removal efficiency of tri-nitrogen, ensure the stability of water quality, significantly mitigate the ultrafiltration membrane foulling and extend the service life of the membrane. The catalytic reduction reaction in the biocatalytic filter promotes the denitrification system and ensures the decomposition and removal of nitrogen nitrate and nitrite in the water. The results showed that the removal rate of TOC was increased from 73.2% to 81.5% by the pretreatment of the biological catalytic filter compared with the conventional biological filter. In addition, the modified bimetal catalytic filter material increased the filtration accuracy of the filter, and the average particle size of the effluent colloid was significantly smaller than that of the conventional biological filter. The iron ions produced by catalytic reduction reaction flocculate in the environment of filtering turbulent flow, further remove the colloid and suspended matter in the micro-polluted water source, and mitigate ultrafiltration membrane foulling by the colloid particles . In addition to the biodegradation and filtration effects of conventional filters, the biological catalytic filter also has a combined effect of catalytic reduction and microflocculation, significantly improving the removal rate of organic pollutants and colloidal particles in water, and effectively reducing the pollution of ultrafiltration membrane.

Key words: biological catalytic filter, modified filter material, ultrafiltration, membrane fouling mitigation, catalytic reduction

中图分类号:

TQ 028.8

郝松泽, 张宏伟, 吴云, 王捷. 双金属催化滤料生物滤池处理效果及对膜污染影响研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(11): 4377-4386.

Songze HAO, Hongwei ZHANG, Yun WU, Jie WANG. Study on treatment of biological catalytic filter and membrane fouling with bimetallic catalyst as filter media[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(11): 4377-4386.

图/表 11

表1 原水水质

Table 1 Quality indexes of raw water

Water quality index	Value
NH₄⁺-N/(mg·L^-1)	3.58
NO₃^--N/(mg·L^-1)	3.59
NO₂^--N/(mg·L^-1)	0.089
TOC/(mg·L^-1)	5.56
UV₂₅₄/ cm^-1	0.074
turbidity/ NTU	6.64
Fe³⁺/(mg·L^-1)	0.14
pH	7.25
temperature/℃	21.5

图1 生物催化滤池/浸没式超滤工艺装置

Fig.1 Biological catalytic filter / ultrafiltration process apparatus

表2 工艺改进前后各工艺段产水水质指标

Table 2 Water quality indexes of each process

Water quality index	Original process		Improved process
Water quality index	Biological filter	UF permeate	Biological catalytic filter	UF permeate
NH₄⁺-N/(mg·L^-1)	0.93	0.93	0.5	0.5
NO₃^--N/(mg·L^-1)	7.08	7.08	1.3	1.3
NO₂^--N/(mg·L^-1)	0.108	0.108	0.009	0.009
TOC/(mg·L^-1)	1.49	1.32	1.03	0.41
UV₂₅₄/cm^-1	0.062	0.036	0.043	0.028
turbidity/NTU	3.48	0.25	2.15	0.23
Fe/(mg·L^-1)	0.14	0.14	0.25	0.13

图2 常规γ-Al2O3滤料和改性复合双金属滤料电镜图

Fig.2 Conventional γ-Al2O3 filter media and modified bimetal γ-Al2O3 filter media

图3 不同预处理出水胶体粒径分布

Fig.3 Particle size distribution of colloid in different pretreatments effluent

图4 滤池内部氧化还原电位的变化情况

Fig.4 Variation trend of ORP in filters

图5 不同预处理工艺对超滤膜运行通量变化的影响

Fig.5 Effect of different pretreatment processes on UF membrane flux

图6 不同预处理工艺超滤膜污染状态

Fig.6 Ultrafiltration membrane fouling situation in different pretreatments

图7 原水三维荧光光谱图

Fig.7 Three - dimensional fluorescence spectra of raw water

图8 工艺改进前后各个处理单元出水的三维荧光光谱图

Fig.8 Three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of production water from each unit of original process

图9 工艺改进前后各处理单元出水的分子量分布

Fig.9 Molecular weight distribution of production water from each unit before and after process improvement

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